UNL Beef Cattle Research Reports

The Western Rangeland Livestock Center research will take place at the Gudmunsen Sandhills Laboratory (pictured) and other cooperative Nebraska ranches, including the Barta Brothers Ranch, as well as the West Central Research, Extension and Education Center and the Panhandle Research and Extension Center.

The Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports contain a summary of research conducted by scientists and graduate students in the University of Nebraska — Lincoln Animal Science Department. The target audiences for these reports are livestock producers, extension educators, and people in agribusiness. 

2025 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

Artificial Insemination of Beef Heifers with Multi-Sire Semen

Dempster M. Christenson, research technician and graduate student

Jordan M. Thomas, assistant professor, Animal Science (University of Missouri)

Daniel J. Kelly, producer, Sutherland, NE

Rick N. Funston, full professor, animal science, West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte, NE

Summary with Implications

This study compared pregnancy rates of beef heifers artificially inseminated with multi-sire semen versus single-sire semen. It was hypothesized that pregnancy rates would be higher with multi-sire semen. Heifers were inseminated with semen from one of three single sires or from a mix of those sires. Pregnancy rates did not differ significantly. Paternity testing showed that sire parentage could be unequal when using multi-sire semen. In conclusion, producers can expect similar pregnancy rates with both single-sire and multi-sire semen, but progeny may have unequal sire representation.

Conclusions

Methods that increase pregnancy rate to AI (artificial insemination) in heifers increase the productivity of the herd by increasing the lifetime productivity of those heifers and their progeny while decreasing the costs associated with development of heifers who take more time and feed to produce a calf. A greater number of observations from this ongoing research may provide further insight on the effects of multi-sire treatment on heifers from multiple years. Current results indicate pregnancy rate to AI with MS and SS treatment is not significantly different, but the percentage of calves from each sire within the MS treatment tended to be. However, more research is required to solidify these conclusions and understand what unexplored interactions may be influencing these results.

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Impact of Overwinter Gain on Growth and Reproductive Performance in March-born Heifers

Josie N. Crouch, graduate student 

J. Travis Mulliniks, former associate professor, Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte, NE 

Jacki A. Musgrave, research technician 

Kacie L. McCarthy, assistant professor, Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE

Summary with Implications

Heifers developed to lower rates of overwinter gain may reduce development costs without impacting growth or reproduction. A 3-year study evaluated different overwinter rates of gain on heifer growth, reproductive, and economic performance. Heifers were managed together and individually supplemented (January-May) with dried distillers grains to achieve either a low (0.75 lb/d) or high (1.50 lb/d) average daily gain. At breeding, high-gain heifers were heavier than low-gain heifers. Average daily gain and body condition score were similar between treatments. Overwinter treatment did not impact attainment of puberty, pregnancy rates, or the percentage that gave birth in the first 21 days. Net returns were $31.26 greater for low-gain heifers compared to high-gain heifers, suggesting that lower average daily gain offers a better return after considering development costs. Results indicate developing heifers at a lower rate of gain may reduce input costs and provide flexibility in determining an overwinter supplementation rate and overall rate of gain.

Conclusions

From this study, it can be concluded that heifers developed to a lower rate of gain were lighter at breeding; however, low-gain heifers experienced compensatory gain that resulted in no differences in BCS or BW after breeding. Additionally, supplementing heifers targeted at two overwinter rates of gain did not influence the percentage that attained puberty, were pregnant, or gave birth in the first 21 days of the calving season. Because there was no difference in reproductive performance, developing heifers at a lower rate of gain may provide an economic advantage with a greater net return when compared to higher development rates. Since BCS, BW at pregnancy diagnosis and pre-calving, and reproductive performance were similar between overwinter treatments, there is an economic advantage to developing heifers to a lower rate of gain. This study implies that producers may have flexibility when determining overwinter supplementation rates and overall rate of gain.

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Impact of Pre-and Post-breeding Supplementation on Performance of May-born heifers

Josie N. Crouch, graduate student 

J. Travis Mulliniks, former associate professor, Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte, NE 

Jacki A. Musgrave, research technician 

Kacie L. McCarthy, assistant professor, Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE

Summary with Implications

This 3-year study compared growth, reproductive performance, and economics of May-born yearling heifers that either received 2.00 lb/heifer/day of a dried distillers grain supplement from pre-breeding (July) through breeding (August) or no supplement. Supplementation was offered approximately 24 days before breeding, averaging 55 days total. Heifer body weight was unaffected by supplementation. Supplementation increased average daily gain until pregnancy diagnosis, but no differences were noted after pregnancy diagnosis. Providing dried distillers grain increased the percentage of heifers that were cycling before breeding; however, no differences in pregnancy rates, percent that gave birth in the first 21 days, calving date, or calf body weight at birth were observed. Heifers without supplementation had a $17.38 greater net return than supplemented heifers. This study implies providing dried distillers grain during the pre-breeding and breeding period increases pre-breeding attainment of puberty and average daily gains with no impact to other reproductive measures or body weight gains.

Conclusion

Although providing RUP supplementation increased pubertal heifers prior to breeding, other reproductive measures, heifer BW, and pre-calving BCS were not impacted by supplementation. Over the 55-day supplementation period, BW and ADG were not different between the treatment groups, and both treatments had adequate body condition at pregnancy check and pre-calving. This suggests that although supplementing RUP prior to and during the breeding season can increase attainment of puberty, the impact on overall reproductive performance and growth is limited.

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Effects of Allocation Frequency on Cattle Performance and Forage Utilization when Swath Grazing a Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid in Eastern Nebraska

Thomas E. Aquino, graduate student

Mary E. Drewnoski, associate professor, Animal Science

Pedro Fernandes, graduate student

Summary with Implications

A sorghum-sudangrass hybrid was swath grazed by steers (529 ± 18 lb) from November 2023 to January 2024, with treatments of offering new forage once (1X) or twice (2X) per week. Average daily gain was similar between treatments (1X = 0.45 ± 0.1 lb/day, 2X = 0.45 ± 0.1 lb/day), and forage utilization was not significantly different (1X = 57.1 ± 3.6%, 2X = 61.1 ± 3.6%). However, the carrying capacity was greater for the 2X allocation (6.8 vs 5.8 AUM/ac). Cattle allocated new forage 1X used more acres than 2X for the same grazing period. For producers considering swath grazing as a winter feeding strategy, allocating new forage more frequently can increase field carrying capacity by 17%, likely due to reduced trampling loss with more frequent allocations.

Conclusions

The study’s key finding was the 17% increase in carrying capacity (AUM/ac) with a twice-weekly forage allocation. Pre-graze biomass and overall forage utilization were similar across treatments, indicating that the increased carrying capacity was due to the allocation frequency. This likely resulted from reduced trampling loss with more frequent allocations. Although crude protein (CP) content remained consistent, the digestible organic matter (DOM) declined by approximately 14 percentage points over the winter due to exposure to the elements. For producers considering swath grazing, increasing the frequency of forage allocation can enhance carrying capacity, but the decrease in DOM should be taken into account.

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Effect of Forage Allocation on Steer Performance when Grazing Cereal Rye

Shelby L. Davies-Jenkins, graduate student

Abigail M. Sartin, graduate student

Daren D. Redfearn, professor, Agronomy, Lincoln

Mary E. Drewnoski, associate professor, Animal Science, Lincoln

Summary with Implication 

Cereal rye is the most common cover crop planted today. With its good winter tolerance and rapid spring growth during a gap in perennial pasture productivity, it is an attractive forage source in early spring. Unfortunately, optimum stocking rates and how they are related to forage biomass availability are unknown. The study objective was to understand the effect of forage allowance on steer performance when rotationally grazing fall-planted cereal rye in spring. Stocking rate was negatively correlated with pounds of forage offered. Surprisingly, amount of forage offered related to average daily gain. Growing steers grazing cereal rye gained 2.01 ± 0.31 lb/d. This was likely due to the high forage nutritive value throughout the season which was a result of the rotationally grazed system. Thus, for ~750 lbs steers, stocking rates between 630 and 2,300 lbs BW/ac (1 to 3 hd/ac) will result in similar average daily gain in rotationally grazed cereal rye systems. Therefore, stocking at the higher end of this range will likely result in the best economic return.

Conclusions 

Cereal rye can fill an early spring gap in pasture productivity and availability. When rotationally grazing cereal rye, forage nutritive value remained high throughout the grazing season. However, increasing the stocking rate decreased the amount of average forage mass offered. For ~750 lb steers, stocking rates between 630 and 2,300 lbs of BW/ac (0.8 to 3 steers/ac) resulted in similar ADG and there was no correlation observed between available forage mass nor amount of forage offered. Lack of observed differences was likely due to the high forage nutritive value coupled with rotational grazing. Higher stocking rates did increase the total pounds of gain per acre. Therefore, rotationally grazing, at lower forage allowances will increase total gain per acre without sacrificing individual animal performance.

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Strategies Affecting Performance and Profitability of May-Born Steers

Dempster M. Christenson, research technician and graduate student 

Jacki A. Musgrave, research technician 

Rick N. Funston, professor, Animal Science, West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte, NE  

Summary with Implications 

This study compared the performance and economic outcomes of differing backgrounding and feedlot systems in May-born yearling steers. We hypothesized reduced supplementation with adequate forage availability while backgrounding weaned steers will yield a similar carcass with greater profitability. It was hypothesized yearling steers backgrounded on pasture before finishing in feedlot would have a more valuable carcass that is more profitable than steers that enter the feedlot immediately. Weaned steer calves were backgrounded with ad libitum hay and 4 lb/d supplement in drylot or on pasture with 1 lb/d supplement. As yearlings, half of each backgrounding group immediately entered the feedlot or were allowed to develop on pasture before entering the feedlot. In summary, producers with pasture available for weaned and yearling steers can risk a slow rate of gain for greater body weight at slaughter and a greater return on investment.  

Conclusions 

Producers should consider alternative backgrounding and feedlot strategies to reduce costs and increase profits. Steers backgrounded on the HI system exhibit greater backgrounding ADG and BW compared to the LO system at the conclusion of the backgrounding treatment and maintained these differences until slaughter. Despite greater BW in HI steers, carcass quality was not significantly different and did not offset the high costs of supplementation and drylot feeding during the backgrounding period, which led to greater net-return in the LO backgrounding system. Yearling steers that were allowed to develop before entering the feedlot (L-YRL) had greater slaughter BW, which resulted in many carcass characteristics being greater. Both feedlot systems had positive net-return, but L-YRL steers had greater net-return than S-YRL steers due to increased BW and reduced feeding costs. Feedlot systems that require longer periods of pre-feedlot backgrounding replace the high cost of high energy feed with pasture availability and additional risk.

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Interaction of Backgrounding System and Implant Use on Growing Calf Performance

Sydney T. Vanderhoff, former graduate student 

Braden C. Troyer, research technician 

Rebecca L. McDermott, research technician 

Mitchell M. Norman, research technician 

Brandon L. Nuttelman, Merck Animal Health, Amherst, NE 

Galen E. Erickson, professor 

Mary E. Drewnoski, associate professor 

James C. MacDonald, professor

Summary with Implications 

A two-year study utilized 480 weaned steers each year targeted to gain either 1 or 2 lb/d during the winter followed by ad libitum forage intake during the summer to determine the effects of winter rate of gain and implant strategy during the winter backgrounding and summer phases on steer performance, forage intake, and compensatory gain. During the winter, steers received a Revalor-G or no implant. In the summer, steers either received a Revalor-IS or no implant. The use of Revalor-G and increased rate of gain during the winter backgrounding phase had additive effects to increase animal performance during the winter phase. Steers which achieved a lower rate of gain in the winter consumed more DMI as a % of their BW during the summer phase, suggesting increased intake is an important compensation mechanism. On average, steers fed to target 1 lb/d ADG during the winter and only received one implant throughout both the winter and summer phases compensated 22% during the summer while steers receiving 2 implants compensated 9% compared to steers fed to target 2 lb/d during the winter. Use of implants during the backgrounding phase is a viable strategy to improve animal performance and limit subsequent losses in performance due to compensation. 

Conclusions 

Increasing the winter rate of gain from approximately 1 lb/d to 2 lb/d increases the amount of salable weight at the end of the summer phase. The pounds of weight sold is maximized using one implant either in the winter or the summer. However, the use of two implants (one in each phase of production) minimizes compensatory gain and allows producers to keep a greater percentage of the additional weight generated from a greater rate of gain in the winter. 

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Quantifying Cereal Rye Pastures Biomass with Image Analysis

Pedro H. J. Fernandes, graduate student, Animal Science, Lincoln 

Shelby L. Davies-Jenkins, graduate student, Animal Science, Lincoln 

Biquan Zhao, postdoctoral research associate, Animal Science and Biological System Engineering, Lincoln 

Wei-Zhen Liang, assistant professor, Biological Systems Engineering, Scottsbluff 

Mary E. Drewnoski, associate professor, Animal Science, Lincoln 

Yijie Xiong, assistant professor, Animal Science and Biological System Engineering, Lincoln

Summary with Implications 

By accurately assessing the amount of forage available, producers can estimate the pasture carrying capacity to make informed decisions on management. To provide producers with a feasible and efficient approach to estimate forage mass, this project evaluated performance of two image analysis tools, Crop Canopy Image Analyzer (CCIA) and Canopeo, in estimating forage mass for cereal rye. Forage mass measured by clipping the forage (areas with 5.625 ft2) was correlated with plant cover analyzed by the two tools using photos of the forage taken 37 in above the ground. Results obtained have supported the feasibility of quantifying cereal rye mass with both tools, which suggests a convenient and efficient way for producers to estimate pasture forage availability by simply taking a picture with their smartphones.  

Conclusion 

Both plant cover analysis tools proved to be promising for biomass estimation of cereal rye. Using the prediction equation generated from this study, these tools can save time and allow producers to determine appropriate carrying capacity. The imaging analysis approach helps address a significant gap in pasture management by allowing accurate and consistent estimation of biomass with relatively little labor. A detailed comparison based on RÇ and RMSE of the regression analysis demonstrated the CCIA tool outperformed the Canopeo tool for biomass estimation in cereal rye. 

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Impact of Constant versus Variable Inclusions of Modified Distillers Grains plus Solubles on Feedlot Cattle Performance and Carcass Characteristics

Paige Madison, graduate student 

Rebecca McDermott, research technician 

Isaque Vicci, graduate student, ENREEC 

Josh Benton, postdoc, Beef Feedlot Unit Director, ENREEC 

Jim MacDonald, professor, Animal Science, Lincoln 

Galen Erickson, professor, Animal Science, Lincoln 

Summary with Implications 

A finishing trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying dietary inclusion of modified distillers grains plus solubles compared to a constant inclusion throughout the entire feeding period on finishing cattle performance. Treatments were arranged as a 2 Å~ 2 + 1 factorial with two inclusions of modified distillers grains plus solubles (10% and 25%) that were constant or varying in dietary inclusion, and a corn control (0% modified distillers grains plus solubles). Increasing the inclusion of distillers grains from 0 to 25% increased both DMI and ADG when fed at a constant inclusion of 10 or 25%. When inclusion varied around 10 (0 to 20%) or 25% (15 to 35%) inclusion, only ADG tended to increase and to a lesser degree. Varying the inclusion of distillers grains in the diet due to supply disruptions or incorrect loading may lessen the improvements in animal performance compared to including distillers at a constant rate in the diet every day. 

Conclusion 

Varying inclusion of MDGS on a weekly basis in finishing diets did not affect the performance of feedlot cattle in comparison to constant MDGS inclusion, but may lessen the expected improvement in animal performance from feeding 25% MDGS. 

Funding provided by Nebraska Corn Board. Products used on cattle were provided by Elanco Animal Health, Zoetis, and Merck Animal Health

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Impact of Full-Fat Wet Distillers Grains Inclusion in Steam-Flaked Corn Based Finishing Diets

Gatlin Hissong, masters of applied science graduate student 

Bill Dicke, Dicke Consulting LLC 

Doug Smith, Performance Plus 

Andrea Watson, former research associate professor 

Galen Erickson, professor, Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Summary with Implications 

Steam-flaked corn and distillers grains are common feed ingredients in finishing rations, but the interaction between the two is not well understood. A finishing trial at a commercial feedlot using 700 calf-fed heifers was conducted to evaluate cattle performance when fed 18 or 30% (dry matter basis) full-fat wet distillers grains plus solubles in steam-flaked corn-based diets with 8% roughage (hay + corn silage). No effects on cattle performance were observed due to distillers grains inclusion in the diet. Final body weight, dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed conversion, and hot carcass weight were not statistically different between treatments when expressed on a carcass-adjusted basis. These data suggest flexibility of including 18 to 30% of the diet when using full-fat (13% fat) wet distillers grains plus solubles even in diets based on steam-flaked corn. 

Conclusion 

Including 18 or 30% of diet DM as WDGS in steam-flaked corn diets resulted in no differences in cattle performance. This is beneficial because it increases flexibility when formulating rations. Having fewer restrictions when formulating diets can result in a lower cost, more optimized diet. Also, more adjustments can be made due to the availability of byproducts or flaker capacity without jeopardizing cattle performance. These data apply to WDGS that contained 13% fat which is atypical today so additional data are needed as more and more plants remove more and more corn oil. 

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Effect of Feeding Palm Oil on Finishing Cattle Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Methane Production

Anna M. Kobza, graduate student 

Rebecca C. McDermott, research technician 

Mitch M. Norman, former research technician 

Josh R. Benton, postdoc, beef feedlot unit director, ENREEC 

Long Zou, Bunge, St. Charles, MO 

James C. MacDonald, professor, Animal Science

Lincoln Galen E. Erickson, professor, Animal Science, Lincoln

Summary with Implications 

Increased demand for biofuel production has increased demand and price of commonly fed supplemental fat sources in beef operations. This finishing study evaluated the effect of feeding palm oil products on performance, carcass characteristics and methane production of feedlot finishing steers. Dietary treatments were feeding no supplemental fat or feeding one of the following fat sources at 4% of diet dry matter: whole palm oil, palm stearin, palm olein, or corn oil. Feeding supplemental fat, regardless of source, increased final body weight, average daily gain, and hot carcass weight. Feeding supplemental fat had no effect on dry matter intake, but an improvement in average daily gain led to improved feed conversion compared to cattle fed diets without supplemental fat. Marbling score was greater in carcasses of cattle consuming olein and stearin oil; however, no other differences in carcass characteristics were observed. A subset of pens sourced from the no oil or whole palm oil treatments were selected to rotate through chambers that measure enteric methane and carbon dioxide. Feeding whole palm oil reduced enteric methane yield (g/lb of DMI) by 14.8% compared to feeding no oil. These results suggest palm oil products can be used as a fat source for finishing cattle to improve feed efficiency and decrease methane production. 

Conclusion 

Feeding supplemental fat in finishing diets increased carcass weight gains of finishing cattle compared to feeding no supplemental fat but had minimal impact on intake. As a result, feed conversions were improved for cattle consuming diets containing fat, but no differences were detected between sources. Feeding fat did not impact carcass traits. Adding supplemental fat reduced methane emissions by 17.4% in cattle fed whole palm oil compared to no oil. Feeding palm oil products in feedlot finishing diets may be an economical fat source that improves conversion and reduces methane production.

Acknowledgements: Funding for this study was provided by Bunge. Products used in this study were provided by Elanco Animal Health and Merck Animal Health. 

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Impact of Feeding Distillers Grains Compared to New Fractionated Distillers Grains (Solbran) on Feedlot Cattle Performance and Enteric Methane

Debora G. Sousa, graduate student 

Rebecca L. McDermott, research technician 

Mitch M. Norman, research technician 

James C. MacDonald, professor, Animal Science, Lincoln 

Rick Stock, professor, Animal Science, Lincoln 

Ryan A. Mass, ICM Biofuels, Colwich, KS 

Galen E. Erickson, professor, Animal Science, Lincoln

Summary with Implications 

This study evaluated feeding wet or dry traditional distillers grains with wet and dry fractionated distillers (Solbran) fed at 40% of diet DM compared to a corn control diet on enteric methane emissions and performance. Compared to the control, there was no difference in carbon dioxide production, but there was an increase in methane production in the steers fed fractionated distillers compared to conventional distillers. Feeding steers traditional or fractionated distillers grains increased consumption, increased gain, but improved conversions only for steers fed WDGS, while steers fed the other distillers grains had worse or the same feed conversions as steers fed the control corn diet. The ethanol plant processing methods increased the intake of steers fed fractionated distillers grains but did not affect gain or feed efficiency. In terms of moisture content, steers fed wet distillers grains had lower intake, but similar gain to steers fed dry distillers grains. This resulted in better feed efficiency for the steers fed wet distillers grains. 

Conclusion 

Feeding fractionated distillers increased intake and gain but did not improve feed conversion compared to feeding corn. Regardless of production process, distillers byproducts fed wet improve conversion. Feeding traditional distillers grains resulted in equal or less enteric methane production compared to feeding corn in finishing diets. Fractionated distillers byproducts increased methane production compared to feeding corn or traditional distillers, likely due to nutrient composition. 

Acknowledgements: Funding provided by Nebraska Corn Board. Thanks to ICM Inc (Kolwich, KS) for supplying the distillers grains products used in this study. Products provided by Elanco Animal Health and Merck Animal Health

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Effect of Feeding Two Different Feed Additives (Optipartum C+ and Prime Force) on Finishing Cattle Performance and Carcass Characteristics

Sofia Suarez-Lorences, graduate student 

Rebecca McDermott, research technician 

Josh Benton, post-doc, beef feedlot unit director, ENREEC 

Robert Bondurant, Furst-McNess Company, Rockford, IL 

Willard Lemaster, Furst-McNess Company, Rockford, IL 

James MacDonald, professor 

Galen Erickson, professor 

Summary with Implications 

A feedlot study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding two different natural feed additives, Prime Force and Optipartum C+, on finishing cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Treatments were applied as a 2Å~2 factorial that included a control diet with no additive; a diet containing Prime Force; a diet containing Optipartum C+; and a diet containing both Prime Force and Optipartum C+ combined. Treatment diets were fed the last 67 d prior to slaughter as designed. Cattle fed Prime Force had greater live final body weight, carcass weight, intake, and average daily gain compared to cattle not fed Prime Force but due to increased intake and gain, no impact was observed on feed conversion. Feeding Optipartum C+ resulted in increased hot carcass weight and carcass-adjusted final BW as well as greater ADG which led to a small improvement in feed conversion compared to cattle fed no Optipartum C+. These data suggest that adding Prime Force to finishing diets improved gain and hot carcass weight, while feeding Optipartum C+ improved gain without increasing intake. No interaction suggests combining the two was additive resulting in 24 lb of carcass weight and 42 lb of live weight for the combination treatment compared to no additives. 

Conclusions 

The addition of Prime Force to a finishing diet 67 d prior to slaughter resulted in greater final BW and hot carcass weight. Average daily gain was improved by the addition of Prime Force likely due to dry matter intake being greater for cattle fed Prime Force. Adding Optipartum C+ to a finishing diet 67 d prior to slaughter tended to increase ADG and slightly improved feed conversion due to equal DMI when compared with diets with no Optipartum C+ added. 

Acknowledgements: Funding provided by Furst-McNess Company; products supplied for use on cattle used in this experiment from Elanco Animal Health, Merck Animal Health, and Zoetis

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Effect of Using Whole Soybeans, Roasted Soybeans, or Soybean Meal in Finishing Cattle Diets

Melissa K. Bausch, graduate assistant and clinical veterinarian, office of research and economic development, Lincoln 

James C. MacDonald, professor, Animal Science, Lincoln 

Galen E. Erickson, professor, Animal Science, Lincoln 

Pablo L. Loza, assistant professor, Animal Science, Panhandle Research Extension and Education Center, Scottsbluff 

Summary with Implications 

A feedlot study compared the effect of using whole or roasted soybeans at two inclusion rates (12% and 16% of diet dry matter), soybean meal, distillers grains, or a dry-rolled corn with urea control in finishing cattle diets. Steers fed the diet with the 16% inclusion of roasted soybeans had better average daily gain, feed conversion, and hot carcass weight. All other diets resulted in similar performance to the dry-rolled corn and distillers grains treatments. Roasted soybeans fed at a 16% inclusion improved F:G over the 12% roasted soybeans as compared to the whole soybeans which were better at the 12% inclusion. These data suggest that soybeans can be fed to finishing cattle to provide fat and protein, but roasting enhances the response in performance. 

Conclusion 

In this study, the greatest inclusion of roasted soybeans resulted in the greatest performance. Soybean meal, whole soybeans, and the 12% inclusion of roasted soybeans provided performance and carcass traits that did not significantly differ from the control and distillers grains diets. These data suggest that soybeans may be an option to displace corn or distillers grains in finishing diets where the product is readily available or economical without reducing cattle performance, with a 16% roasted soybean inclusion outperforming corn.

Acknowledgements: Funding provided by the Nebraska Soybean Board; Products provided by Elanco Animal Health and Merck Animal Health

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

Effects of Replacing Wet Corn Distillers Grains with a PureField Distillers Grains® at 15% and 30% (DM basis) in Feedlot Diets

Sofia Canafoglia, visiting scholar, Animal Science, Panhandle Research Extension and Education Center, Scottsbluff 

Pablo L. Loza, assistant professor, Animal Science, Panhandle Research Extension and Education Center, Scottsbluff

Summary with Implications 

A 2Å~2 +1 factorial experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of replacing wet corn distillers grain (WCDGS) with PureField distillers grains, a proprietary blend of wet distillers grains plus wheat middlings (Purefield LLC, KS) at 15% or 30% of the diet (DM basis), on finishing performance and carcass characteristics. The inclusion of either byproduct resulted in improved steer performance, and carcass characteristics when compared to the treatment without the byproduct inclusion. No interactions between byproduct and inclusion level were observed for steer performance or carcass characteristics. A tendency for higher average daily gains was observed in cattle fed wet corn distillers grains when compared to PureField distillers grains. Because of a numerically lower DMI in the PureField DG fed cattle, no differences resulted in feed efficiency. PureField DG is a suitable alternative to replace corn distillers grains in feedlot finishing diets without affecting cattle performance. 

Conclusion 

The blend of wheat middling and wet distillers grains produced by PureField is a suitable alternative to corn distillers grains, and including either byproduct in the diet increases ADG, and feed conversion should be used when compared to diets without byproducts. The inclusion of the PDG in finishing diets seems to reduce back fat thickness and ribeye area, affecting yield grade, however more specific research should be conducted to further elucidate these effects. Using the PureField Distillers Grains in finishing diets seems to moderate the effect of these high energy diets on liver health.

Acknowledgements: Funding provided by Purefield LLC, Kansas.

Download a .pdf of the full study here.

2024 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

Cow-Calf Nutrition, Reproduction, and Management
Growing Calf and Yearling Management
Forage Evaluation for Cattle Production
Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Finishing Phase Nutrition and Management for Beef Cattle
Technology Applications in the Beef Industry

Previous UNL Beef Cattle Research Reports

2023 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2023 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

Articles
2022 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2022 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

2021 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2021 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

2020 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2020 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

2019 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2019 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

2018 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2018 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report (complete)

2017 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2017 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report (complete)

2016 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2016 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

2015 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2015 Beef Cattle Report

2014 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2014 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

2013 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2013 Beef Cattle Report

2012 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2012 Beef Cattle Report: Table of Contents

2011 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2011 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

2010 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2010 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

2009 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2009 Beef Cattle Report

2008 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Report 2008

2007 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

Nebraska 2007 Beef Cattle Report

2006 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

Nebraska 2006 Beef Cattle Report

2005 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

Nebraska 2005 Beef Cattle Report (Complete volume)

2004 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

Nebraska 2004 Beef Cattle Report

2003 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2003 Beef Cattle Report

2002 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2002 Beef Cattle Report

2001 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2001 Beef Cattle Report

2000 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

2000 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

1999 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

1999 Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

1998 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

1998 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

1997 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

1997 Beef Cattle Report

1996 UNL Beef Cattle Research Report

1996 Beef Cattle Report