Residual feed intake (RFI) is defined as actual feed intake minus expected feed intake. Recent research has shown that growing/finishing cattle having a lower RFI are more efficient than those having a higher RFI. In a recent review of RFI research in Australia, Herd et al. (2003) reported that selection for RFI measured postweaning will lead to a decrease in feed intake by replacement females and mature cows, with no decline in growth performance or increase in cow size. In research with Angus cattle, they found that the genetic correlation between postweaning RFI and average daily feed intake by the cow is high (0.64), and the correlation between postweaning RFI and cow RFI is very high (0.98). They noted that these genetic correlations indicate that selection against postweaning RFI has the potential to lead to a decrease in feed intake and improvement in feed efficiency of the breeding herd (the young growing/finishing generation as well as the mature cow herd). They went on to state that development of an EPD for RFI seems practical. Such an EPD would best be used in an economic selection index to account for genetic correlations with other traits. The barrier to widespread industry application is the fact that measurement of RFI is very expensive compared with other traits currently measured in genetic evaluation programs (Herd et al. 2003. Beef Industry Research Centre, Armidale, NSW and Agricultural Research Centre, Trangie, NSW, Australia).